Improvement in pumps for deep wells



UNITED l STATES PATENT OFFICE.

'AARON CARVER, orjnIr'rLR` rntnsnnw YORK.

`|MLPROVEMENT IN` PUMPS FOR DEEP WELLS.

` Specification forming ipart of Letters PatentNo. 57,0286', dated August I4, 1866.

`To all whom it may concern Beit known that I, AARON CARVER, of

\ Little Falls, in the county of Herkimer and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in `Pumps" for Oil and other Deep Wells; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which willuenable those `skilled in the art `to make and use `the same reference beinghad` to the accompanyingdrawings, `forming part `of this specification, in

whichl i Figure l is an axial section of a pump made according `to my invention. Fig. 2 isa peri-` pherical view of the detachable box that .con-

`tains the lowervalve of the pump; Figa, .ani

`inverted view of the bottom of the pump-cyl` inder. l Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts. l i 1 The object-oil this inventionistol produce a"` single-acting pump for use in oilwand` other' deep wells, i and which is especially l adapted for wells thatidischarge gasalong with liquids.

The invention consists in` several novel feal tures, one` of. which is the manner of locking the box ofthelower valve in the pump, so that itcannot` be driven upward `out of `its place `by the pressure of gas from below. Anotheristhe, manner oi"` unlocking the valve-box so that it may Abe drawn up out ofthe pump-tubejby the.

\ piston-rod. 'Another iscarrying o any` gas which may be in the well through a# gas-cham-` ber that is` independent? of Ithepump-cylinder and that communicates with? thelipump-tube above the piston.` `Anotheristhe manner of `larranging and secuningthe" pumpcylinder@ within an outer icylinder whichl contains the; .gaschamben A designates the pistonof the pump.` The pistonis hollow, having inlet-openings through.

its upperend, where it is connected to the' piston-rod, around which the oil or other liquid is discharged `into the 4pump-cylinder. rllhe lower end of the piston has a left-hand screwthread formed on it, by which the valve-box of the pump can be engaged, as hereinafter described. The pistonvworks in a cylinder iB, which is connected above to a pump-tube that is carried to the top of the well.

The bottom of the cylinder terminates in a disk, G,which is seteccentrically thereon, as .shown in Fig.` 3. The inlet D to the lower valve of the pump is made through the disk, and thence up through the lower end of the cylinder.` Through `that partof the disk which extends beyond the circumference of Athecylinderis a passage, E, for the admission of gas from the `well- `into a chamber, L, hereinlafter described. The valve-box F, which contains the induction-valveof the pump, is seen iin Fig. 12. In its neck is formed aniiuternal `screw-thread, made so as to receive the lefthandi screw-thread on the end of the piston, and openings U are made through `its sides, j ustbelowthe line of the internal screw-thread and abovethe cage which limits the ascent of 1 the valve, toallow the displacement of oilior `other `liquid when the end of the pistou is screwed down, thediameter of its neck being reduced so as to form an annular space between it and the sides of the pump-cylinder, into which space the displaced oil or other liquid may ilow from the neck and top of the `valvebox. The body of the box is extended below the `line of itsivalve-seat, and upon the extension, at opposite'sides, are formed hooks :made solas to `become engaged with `certain pins H H within thecylinderonly when they aremoved toward the left, which hooks interlock with` said pins H, that project inward from 'the opposite sides of the pump cylindernear its lower end. When the valve-box is to be placed in .position` forworking the piston is screwed into its `neck and the box is inserted into the pump. When `it hasreac-hed the botltom of the cylinder the piston-rod is rotated toward the left, whenthe hooks Gr will become `interlockedwith,the `pinstH, only one of which is shown-in` the drawings. The pistonis-un- 1 `screwed and disengaged byltur'ning thepistonrod in the opposite direction, and is then ready to be operated. By locking the valve-box in the cylinder I prevent it from being driven y upwardoutof its place by pressure of gas from below,therebypreserving the valve and the piston from injury from this cause and keeping the lower valve always in proper po- 1 sition for being operated.`

It will be observed thatby making the screw-thread on the end of the piston lefthanded the joints of the piston-rod will be tightened when the rod is turned to the left to engage the valve-box, its joints being made with right-hand screw-threads.'

Any other suitable locking device may be employed to'secure the valve-box in place which can be disengaged by means of the piston.

Around the pump-cylinder, near its upper end, I form an eccentric ring, I, whose eccentricity is on the same side of the cylinder with that of the disk C below. The diameter of the cylinder through this ring is equal to that of an outer cylinder, lJ, which incloses the pump-cylinder, as shown in the view given in Fig. l.

The pump-cylinder is set eccentrically within the outer cylinder, thereby leaving a cres cent-shaped chamber, K, between them at one side, which chamber is closed at top by the eccentric rin g, which serves as a cap therefor, and at bottom by the disk C, which, however, is received within the cylinder J. The cylinder J extends a little way below the bottom of the pu1npcylinder, and the latter is secured in place therein by means of a ring, L,.whicl1` screws up within cylinder J. This ring has projections on its .lower end, which come below said cylinder and serve as legs to the pump to keep it above `the bottom of the well.

The upper part of the pump-cylinder has an opening, M, a little below the eccentric ring or cap I, which makes a communication between the chamber K and the pump-cylinder. This opening M occurs at such a height as to be above the point reached by the piston in its upward stroke, and therefore it establishes constant communication between the chamber K and the pump tube.

The chamber K is provided for the purpose of receiving and conducting away any gas that may be present in the well. It is found very difficult to operate wells in which much gas is present, and sometimes the-pressure ther efroml is so great as to drive up the piston and piston-rod and stop the engine, sometimes also breaking the connecting-rod and walkingbeam and other parts of the machinery. This is especially true in the case of single-acting pumps. My invention removes Vthis difficulty by means of the gas-chamber K, which I form alongside of the pump. This chamber has a valve, N, fitting to a seat over the inlet E, the valve being placed within a cage, so that it will always be guided back .upon its seat after being raised. The course of the gas is through the valve-opening` E, up through the gas-chamber L, through the opening M, into the upper part of the pump above the piston, and thence into the pump-tube, through which it escapes into the air without injuring the pumpV or hindering the working thereof.

I have here shown the gas-chamber formed on the outside ofthe pump by means of an inclosing-cylinder; but it may be formed by means of a pipe soldered or otherwise connected to the pump, and extending from the opening M down to the place of the opening E. It may also be formed by making a double wall around the whole or a part of the pump.

By means of this part of my invention I enable one to use a single-acting pump in an oil or other well without injury or hinderance from gas.

The valve N will, in the operation of the pump, be independent of the action of the piston, since the chamber K will be filled with oil or other liquid from the pump-tube or from that part of the cylinder above the piston. The column of oil or other liquid will keep the valve closed unt-il such time when the pressure of gas is sufcient to overcome thc weight of the column that fills the chamber K and the pump-tube, when the valve will be raised, and the gas will be conducted harmlessly away without affecting the operations of the pump.

I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. The pump-cylinder, iu combination with an outer cylinder, J, Within which it is eccentrically placed, so as to form a chamber, L, between them, substantially as described.

2. Locking the valve-box of a pump within the cylinder so that it cannot be displaced by pressure from below, substantially as de-v scribed.

3. Making the diameter of the neck of the valve-box less than that of its body, and perforating it, as described, to allow any liquid in the valve-box to escape and'make Way for the end of the piston when the latter is screwed into the neck of the valve-box, substantially as above set forth.

The above specification of my invention signed by me this 13th day of December, 1865.

A. CARVER.

Witnesses M. M.`L1vINes'roN, C. L. ToPLiFF. 

